Terminal commands relared to files in the Ubuntu

 🔍 Viewing and Navigating Files

Command	Description
ls	List files and directories in the current directory
ls -l	Long listing (with permissions, size, date, etc.)
ls -a	Show hidden files (those starting with .)
cd [directory]	Change directory
pwd	Print current working directory
tree	View directory structure in tree form (may need sudo apt install tree)

📁 Creating and Managing Files

Command	Description
touch filename	Create a new empty file
nano filename	Edit a file using nano text editor
cat filename	View file contents
more filename / less filename	Scroll through file contents
cp file1 file2	Copy a file
mv oldname newname	Rename or move a file
rm filename	Delete a file
rm -i filename	Delete with confirmation
rm -f filename	Force delete without confirmation

📂 Working with Directories

Command	Description
mkdir directory_name	Create a directory
mkdir -p path/to/directory	Create nested directories
rmdir directory_name	Remove empty directory
rm -r directory_name	Remove directory and contents recursively
cd ..	Go up one directory level

🔒 Permissions and Ownership

Command	Description
chmod [permissions] filename	Change file permissions
chmod +x filename	Make a script executable
chown user:group filename	Change file owner and group

📦 Searching and Finding Files

Command	Description
find . -name "filename"	Find a file by name in current dir recursively
locate filename	Quickly find a file (needs mlocate database)
grep "text" filename	Search for text in a file
grep -r "text" directory/	Search recursively for text in directory

📄 File Compression and Archiving

Command	Description
tar -cvf archive.tar file1 file2	Create a tar archive
tar -xvf archive.tar	Extract a tar archive
zip archive.zip file1 file2	Create a zip file
unzip archive.zip	Extract a zip file